Please compare with Post No.28 (SPIKES protocol to break bad news to patients)

• Background: The physician should make sure they know the patient’s situation—not only their diagnosis and outlook, but also their socio-economic and educational status as well as their support system.
• Rapport: Build a rapport with the patient
• Explore: Start with what the patient knows and explore from there
• Announce: the bad news
• Kindle: Kindling step to ensure patient has understood what you have told them
• Summarize: the main points of the discussion and the way forward